Climate Change Impact on Rural Livelihoods of Small Landholder: A Case of Rajanpur, Pakistan
Muhammad Ateeq-Ur-Rehman,
Badar Naseem Siddiqui,
Naimatullah Hashmi,
Khalid Masud,
Muhammad Adeel,
Muhammad Rameez Akram Khan,
Khawaja Muhammad Dawood,
Syed Ali Asghar Shah,
Madiha Karim
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 2, March 2018
Pages:
28-34
Received:
12 February 2018
Accepted:
16 March 2018
Published:
10 April 2018
Abstract: Climate change is one of the major challenges for agriculture, food security and rural livelihoods for billions of poor people in the world. Agriculture is most vulnerable to climate change due to its high dependence on climate and weather. Asian agriculture sector is already facing many problems relating to sustainability. The present study was conducted to identify the impact of climate change on the socio-economic status and livelihood of farmers. A sample of 280 farmers’ respondents was selected from tehsil Jampur of Rajanpur district. The data were obtained through well designed interview schedule and analyzed statistically. All the respondents reported that climate change had always influences on the income and agricultural yield. Climate change had influenced on income and economics weighted scores (1400). Although there were differences between (before -2930832.1) and (current -2684400.0) annual income. All of the respondents reported that climate change had very high effect on the practicing crop diversification while, more than half (53.0%) of the respondents reported that climate change had very high effect on planting different crops. The rank order regarding crop diversification was on high rank due to the high weighted score (1400). All of the respondents reported that climate change had greatly extent on forest burning. The comparisons of different means of different factors like mobility, health, economics, income, environmental destruction, agricultural yields and size of land holding affected by climate change were non-significant. The comparisons of different means of different factors like deforestation, pollution from vehicles, pollution from power generation, pollution from waste, pollution from agri. Activities, shifting cultivation, forest burning and any other factors were non-significant.
Abstract: Climate change is one of the major challenges for agriculture, food security and rural livelihoods for billions of poor people in the world. Agriculture is most vulnerable to climate change due to its high dependence on climate and weather. Asian agriculture sector is already facing many problems relating to sustainability. The present study was co...
Show More
Impacts of Different Drying Methods on Mold Viability and Ochratoxin A Content of Grape Pomace
Jianmei Yu,
Ivy Smith,
Bernice Karlton-Senaye,
Nona Mikiashvili,
Leonard Williams
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 2, March 2018
Pages:
35-42
Received:
9 March 2018
Accepted:
24 March 2018
Published:
2 May 2018
Abstract: Value added utilization of grape pomace (GP) has been the interest of many food researchers due to its high contents in fiber and polyphenols. However, the contamination of GP by molds and ochratoxin A (OTA) present a serious safety issue to food or feed use of GP. To ensure the safety of direct usage of GP as food ingredient, this study investigated the effects of drying method on mold viability and ochratoxin A (OTA) content of GP. Pomaces of seven grape cultivars were dehydrated by freeze, room temperature and vacuum drying methods. The total population of yeast and mold colonies was enumerated using Dichloran Rose Bengal Chloramphenicol Agar (DRBC) and Dichloran Glycerol 18% (DG18) media. The OTA was extracted by 70% methanol aqueous solution, and then quantified by an ELISA method. Regardless the grape cultivars, vacuum drying most effectively reduced the viability of mold in GP samples, while freeze-drying was the least effective method. OTA was present in all pomace samples tested but the contents of OTA in GP varied with grape variety. Vacuum drying and freeze drying significantly reduced the OTA contents of most of the pomace samples tested whereas room temperature drying increased OTA contents of all GP samples tested compared with OTA contents measured before drying. Overall, vacuum dry and freeze dry methods resulted in safer GP for food and feed use due to the greater reduction of viable molds and OTA content.
Abstract: Value added utilization of grape pomace (GP) has been the interest of many food researchers due to its high contents in fiber and polyphenols. However, the contamination of GP by molds and ochratoxin A (OTA) present a serious safety issue to food or feed use of GP. To ensure the safety of direct usage of GP as food ingredient, this study investigat...
Show More
Analysis of Market Liberalization and the Groundnut Sector in Senegal
Georges Ndiaye,
Shaoyong Fang,
Beckline Mukete
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 2, March 2018
Pages:
43-51
Received:
12 March 2018
Accepted:
3 April 2018
Published:
9 May 2018
Abstract: In sub-Saharan Africa, agricultural reforms such as market liberalization and loan schemes greatly affect the agricultural and industrial sectors. The withdrawal of government institutions and adoption of structural adjustment programmes (SAP) have not always been a win-win situation for the different stakeholders of the agricultural sector. This paper assesses the influence of market liberalization on the groundnut sector in Senegal. Using market variables including production, marketing and trade, it analyzes the market performance of groundnuts before and after market liberalization in 2010. The coefficient of variation and the corrected coefficient of variation for producer prices were applied and the results show that the values for both coefficient of variation and corrected coefficient of variation were higher in the pre-liberalization period. There was less volatility after market liberalization and prices were much higher in the post-liberalization period. Market liberalization has generally favoured farmers whereas it has been bad for local processing industries. It is necessary for the government to provide alternative policy interventions to achieve inclusive welfare from market liberalization.
Abstract: In sub-Saharan Africa, agricultural reforms such as market liberalization and loan schemes greatly affect the agricultural and industrial sectors. The withdrawal of government institutions and adoption of structural adjustment programmes (SAP) have not always been a win-win situation for the different stakeholders of the agricultural sector. This p...
Show More
