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Purification and Characterization of Cellulase from Aspergillus niger Causing Soft Rot of White Yam in Three Environments in Nigeria
Ajibade Gabriel Adegboyega,
Abdulsalami Mohammed Sani,
Denwe Samuel Dangwel,
Oladapo Elizabeth Omolola,
Popoola Omokunmi
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 4, July 2019
Pages:
82-89
Received:
4 May 2019
Accepted:
26 June 2019
Published:
30 July 2019
Abstract: Aspergillus niger is abundant in most tropical soils and invariably, on the surface of yam tubers while still attached to the plant and on the root hairs during harvesting or storage. Naturally, the peridermic surface of the tubers function to exclude pathogen but damage caused by accidental incision or cut surface during weeding, insect attack and harvesting provide avenue for the infection. Aspergillus niger isolated from diseased yam in three zones in Nigeria synthesized cellulase which caused soft rot of the yam within nine days of inoculation. Microscopic and molecular analyses revealed two isolates of A. niger, P1 and P2, from different environment produced cellulase enzymes in significantly different proportions. When protein extracts from the infection were subjected to molecular exclusion chromatography, three peaks of absorption (A, B and C) were produced with only the components of peak A showing cellulase activity. Further fractionation of the components of peak A produced two absorption peaks (Aa and Ab) with only component Aa showing Cellulase activity. A. niger isolates, P1 and P2 showed considerable differences in the intensity of cellulase production suggesting that multiple strains of A. niger in the soil of yam-growing environments synthesized cellulase as transcriptional products in different manner underscoring the effect of physico – chemical properties of the soil on infectivity and virulence of the organism during yam rot.
Abstract: Aspergillus niger is abundant in most tropical soils and invariably, on the surface of yam tubers while still attached to the plant and on the root hairs during harvesting or storage. Naturally, the peridermic surface of the tubers function to exclude pathogen but damage caused by accidental incision or cut surface during weeding, insect attack and...
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Most Common Bulls for Artificial Insemination of Cows and Heifers in a Field of Operation of Veterinary Ambulance Farkasevac
Tusek Tatjana,
Alagic Damir,
Panic Valentino,
Kalember Durica,
Nervo Vedran,
Stojnovic Miomir
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 4, July 2019
Pages:
90-93
Received:
8 July 2019
Accepted:
26 July 2019
Published:
14 August 2019
Abstract: In a field of operation of Veterinary Ambulance Farkaševac farmers are mainly breeding Simmental cattle, followed by the number of Black Holstein and the Red Holstein used for crossing with Simental breed. The selection of bulls for the artificial insemination of cows and heifers in 2014 and 2015 in the field of operation of Veterinary Ambulance Farkaševac shows the interest of the cattle breeders for the bulls that have the best milking index. Such a unilateral selection of bulls for a well-adapted combined Simmental breed points out the shortcomings of selected bulls with a weak index of meat or legs. With such approaches in the second or third generation, the female calves will become good dairy cows, but will have weak legs and reduced longevity. In the case of male calves for fattening, due to poor meat index, such calves will not grow for 15 to 16 months in quality fattening steers, which will ultimately prolong fattening, increase production costs and reduce the quality of meat on slaughter line.
Abstract: In a field of operation of Veterinary Ambulance Farkaševac farmers are mainly breeding Simmental cattle, followed by the number of Black Holstein and the Red Holstein used for crossing with Simental breed. The selection of bulls for the artificial insemination of cows and heifers in 2014 and 2015 in the field of operation of Veterinary Ambulance Fa...
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A Biological Method for Trapping Varroa destructor and Collecting Male Wasp Pupae
Haizhou Wang,
Lixin Zhang,
Shuihua Jin
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 4, July 2019
Pages:
94-97
Received:
21 June 2019
Accepted:
10 August 2019
Published:
3 September 2019
Abstract: Varroa destructor is a kind of parasitic mite that seriously endangers the western honeybees. It has become the biggest pest threat to the agiculture of the world. At present, chemical drugs such as mite powders are worldwidely used to control the infection of Varroa destructor. While these anti-mite drugs may increase drug resistance of Varroa destructor and pollution of bee products. Although many biological methods have been adopted, the effect on mite control is not satisfactory. This paper discussses the use of plastic mould to modularize the movable honeycomb frame and make the modularized honeycomb into a biological trap. Based on the biological characteristics of Varroa destructor reproduction and its parasitic characteristics and reproductive regularity, a movable nest frame with plastic mould was modularized and made into a biological trap. Then the biological trap was set up in every colony to trap and kill Varroa destructor in a planned way, and the male pupae are harvested at the same time. The results showed that after a series of reciprocating trap, the trapping rate decreases geometrically, and the sex ratio was well controlled. This biological trap is of practical significance to reduce the damage of Varroa destructor to bee colony and to improve the economic benefits of bee farmers.
Abstract: Varroa destructor is a kind of parasitic mite that seriously endangers the western honeybees. It has become the biggest pest threat to the agiculture of the world. At present, chemical drugs such as mite powders are worldwidely used to control the infection of Varroa destructor. While these anti-mite drugs may increase drug resistance of Varroa des...
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The Influence of Selected Personal and Professional Demographic Characteristics on the Income Level of Private Farmers in the Ukraine
Jeantyl Norze,
Viacheslav Leonidovich Sereda,
Michael Fletcher Burnett
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 4, July 2019
Pages:
98-104
Received:
21 May 2019
Accepted:
19 August 2019
Published:
4 September 2019
Abstract: The primary purpose of this study was to determine the influence of selected demographic characteristics and animal production measures on the income of private farmers in the Ukraine. A proportional random sample was drawn from the three Oblasts selected for inclusion in the study based on the total number of private farmers in the accessible population. This sample included 250 farmers from each of the two larger Oblasts and 150 from the smaller Oblast. These farmers were selected for personal interviews by raion specialists. A survey was designed to collect necessary information. Raion specialists received a one-day training session to learn personal interview techniques. Most of the farmers, (83.4%) had a degree of technical college or above, and the average age of farmers was 45.8. Swine was the animal commodity that was included on the largest number of private farms (33.5%), and milk cows accounted for the largest portion of the farmers’ annual income (4089.94 Hryvnia - ₴). Three factors contributed significantly to a model explaining the total income of private farmers in the Ukraine. These factors included Milk Cow production, Swine production, and Educational level of the farmer. Further research is needed to examine the animal production on a broader scale particularly in the other regions of the country and with emphasis on the economies of size in the different animal commodities. Given the importance of the educational level in total income of farmers, programs should be designed to enable farmers to pursue higher levels of education.
Abstract: The primary purpose of this study was to determine the influence of selected demographic characteristics and animal production measures on the income of private farmers in the Ukraine. A proportional random sample was drawn from the three Oblasts selected for inclusion in the study based on the total number of private farmers in the accessible popu...
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